Directly Observed Therapy for Controlled Substances

Question

What is the clinical effectiveness of directly observed therapy versus self-administered therapy for people receiving pharmaceutical treatment with controlled substances?
What is the clinical effectiveness of directly observed therapy versus alternative methods for monitoring or limiting access to doses for people receiving pharmaceutical treatment with controlled substances?
What are the evidence-based guidelines regarding the use of directly observed therapy for people receiving pharmaceutical treatment with controlled substances?

We found 2 systematic reviews about the clinical effectiveness of directly observed therapy versus self-administered therapy for people receiving pharmaceutical treatment with controlled substances.
We did not find any studies about the clinical effectiveness of directly observed therapy versus alternative methods for monitoring or limiting access to doses for people receiving pharmaceutical treatment with controlled substances.
We found 5 evidence-based guidelines regarding the use of directly observed therapy for people receiving pharmaceutical treatment with controlled substances.