Evidence on Opioids
Here you’ll find our best evidence on opioids, divided under the topics of Pain Treatment; Misuse, Overdose, and Harms; Opioid Use Disorder (Addiction); and Alternatives to Opioids. We update our Opioid Evidence Bundle regularly with more evidence, including rapid evidence reviews (Rapid Response reports), Environmental Scans, Horizon Scans, and our larger Optimal Use projects with expert recommendations.
Under CADTH’s “Tools and Resources,” you’ll find tools you can use to translate research into action as well as other, non-CADTH information from Choosing Wisely Canada and the Canadian Centre on Substance Use and Addiction.
We’ve selected the following materials to get you started:
- Cannabis for Opioid Use Disorder (Summary with Critical Appraisal, September 14, 2022)
- Diacetylmorphine for Adults With Opioid Dependence (Summary with Critical Appraisal, July 18, 2022)
- In Brief: Clinical Effectiveness of Opioid Substitution Treatment (Tool, January 21, 2022)
- In Brief: Cost-Effectiveness and Guidelines for Opioid Substitution Treatment (Tool, January 10, 2022)
- Clinical Effectiveness of Opioid Substitution Treatment (Summary with Critical Appraisal, January 10, 2022)
- Cost-Effectiveness and Guidelines for Opioid Substitution Treatment (Summary with Critical Appraisal, January 4, 2022)
In this Bundle
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Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for the Management of Chronic NonCancer Pain: A Summary of a Health Technology Assessment
(Tools, October 19, 2022)
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Non-Opioid Options for Managing Pain
To help support decisions about managing pain, CADTH has been reviewing the evidence on different treatment options for various types of pain. Here, you’ll find the highlights of many of these evidence reviews.
(Tools, September 21, 2020) -
Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavioural Therapy in the Treatment of Chronic Non-Cancer Pain
(Optimal Use, October 3, 2022)
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Therapeutic Mattresses for Chronic Pain
(Rapid Review, April 6, 2022)
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Massage Therapy for Musculoskeletal Pain
(Summary of Abstracts, November 10, 2021)
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Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Chronic Pain: Clinical Effectiveness
(Reference List, December 15, 2020)
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Capsaicin for Acute or Chronic Non-Cancer Pain: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness, Safety, and Cost-Effectiveness
(Summary with Critical Appraisal, July 13, 2020)
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Thermal Radiofrequency Neurotomy for the Treatment of Back Pain: Clinical Effectiveness and Safety – a 2020 Update
(Reference List, June 22, 2020)
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Acetaminophen for Chronic Pain in Pediatric Populations: Clinical Effectiveness
(Summary of Abstracts, June 8, 2020)
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Antidepressants for Chronic Pain in Pediatric Populations: Clinical Effectiveness
(Summary of Abstracts, May 25, 2020)
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Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs for Chronic Pain in Pediatric Populations: Clinical Effectiveness
(Summary of Abstracts, May 7, 2020)
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Gabapentinoids for Chronic Pain in Pediatric Populations: Clinical Effectiveness
(Summary of Abstracts, May 6, 2020)
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Customized or Prefabricated Shoe Inserts for Chronic, Non-Cancer Pain: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness
(Summary with Critical Appraisal, April 20, 2020)
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Anti-inflammatory Diets for Chronic, Non-Cancer Pain: Clinical Effectiveness and Guidelines
(Reference List, April 13, 2020)
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Body Weight Modification Interventions for Chronic Non-Cancer Pain: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness
(Summary with Critical Appraisal, March 31, 2020)
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Manual Therapy for Persistent, Non-Cancer Back and Neck Pain: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness
(Summary with Critical Appraisal, March 2, 2020)
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Orthotic Bracing or Splinting of Upper Extremities in Patients with Chronic, Non-Cancer Pain: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness
(Summary with Critical Appraisal, March 2, 2020)
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Body Weight Modification Interventions for Chronic, Non-Cancer Pain: Clinical Effectiveness and Guidelines
(Reference List, February 24, 2020)
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Orthotic Bracing or Splinting of the Lower Extremities and Spine in Patients with Chronic, Non-Cancer Pain: Clinical Effectiveness and Guidelines
(Reference List, February 24, 2020)
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Sleep Interventions for Chronic, Non-Cancer Pain: Clinical Effectiveness and Guidelines
(Reference List, February 24, 2020)
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Customized or Prefabricated Shoe Inserts for Chronic, Non-Cancer Pain: Clinical Effectiveness and Guidelines
(Reference List, February 18, 2020)
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Activity Pacing Interventions for Chronic, Non-Cancer Pain: Clinical Effectiveness and Guidelines
(Reference List, February 17, 2020)
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Physical Activity for Chronic Osteoarthritic Knee Pain: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness
(Summary with Critical Appraisal, February 17, 2020)
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Exercise for Chronic, Non-Cancer Back Pain: A Review of Cost-Effectiveness and Guidelines
(Summary with Critical Appraisal, November 12, 2019)
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Acupuncture for Chronic Non-Cancer Pain: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness, Cost Effectiveness and Guidelines
Short on time? Read the In Brief.
(Summary with Critical Appraisal, October 29, 2019) -
Physical Activity for Chronic Non-Cancer Knee Pain: Clinical Effectiveness, Cost-Effectiveness and Guidelines
(Reference List, October 22, 2019)
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Aerobic Exercise for Chronic Non-Cancer Back Pain: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness
(Summary with Critical Appraisal, October 16, 2019)
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Physical Therapist-Led Physical Activity for Chronic, Non-Cancer Knee Pain: Clinical Effectiveness, Cost-Effectiveness and Guidelines
(Reference List, October 15, 2019)
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Manual Therapy for Persistent or Chronic Non-Specific Back Pain: Clinical Effectiveness, Cost-Effectiveness and Guidelines
(Reference List, October 8, 2019)
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Strength-based Exercise for Chronic Non-Cancer Back Pain: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness
(Summary with Critical Appraisal, September 27, 2019)
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Manual Therapy for Persistent or Chronic Non-Specific Neck Pain: Clinical Effectiveness, Cost-Effectiveness and Guidelines
(Reference List, September 24, 2019)
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Mindfulness Training and Yoga for the Management of Chronic Non-malignant Pain: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness and Cost-effectiveness
(Summary with Critical Appraisal, September 20, 2019)
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Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Chronic Non-Cancer Pain: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness
(Summary with Critical Appraisal, September 16, 2019)
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Injectable Botulinum Toxin for Pelvic Pain: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness, Cost-Effectiveness, and Guidelines
(Summary with Critical Appraisal, August 22, 2019)
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Medical Cannabis for the Treatment of Chronic Pain: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness and Guidelines
(Summary with Critical Appraisal, July 24, 2019)
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Yoga for Chronic Non-Malignant Pain Management: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness, Cost-Effectiveness and Guidelines
(Summary with Critical Appraisal, July 8, 2019)
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Mindfulness Training for Chronic Non-malignant Pain Management: A Review of the Clinical Effectiveness, Cost-effectiveness and Guidelines
Short on time? Read the In Brief.
(Summary with Critical Appraisal, June 25, 2019) -
Access to and Availability of Non-Pharmacological Treatments for Chronic Non-Cancer Pain in Canada: An Environmental Scan
(Environmental Scan, November 21, 2018)
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Analgesics for Surgical Third Molar Extraction: Clinical Effectiveness and Guidelines
(Summary of Abstracts, April 16, 2018)
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Emerging Non-Opioid Drugs for the Treatment of Pain
(Environmental Scan, February 16, 2018)
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Botulinum Toxin A for Chronic Migraines: Clinical Effectiveness
(Summary of Abstracts, January 3, 2018)
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Intranasal Sufentanil for Acute Pain: Clinical Effectiveness and Guidelines
(Summary of Abstracts, December 6, 2017)
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Exercise for the Management of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness
(Summary with Critical Appraisal, August 28, 2017)
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Manual Therapy for Recent–Onset or Persistent Neck Pain: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness and Guidelines
(Summary with Critical Appraisal, August 23, 2017)
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Physiotherapy Interventions for the Management of Neck or Back Pain: Cost-Effectiveness
(Summary of Abstracts, August 15, 2017)
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Nabilone for Chronic Pain Management: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness and Guidelines
(Summary with Critical Appraisal, August 9, 2017)
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Occupational Therapy for Chronic Pain Management Using the Biopsychosocial Approach: A Review of the Clinical and Cost-Effectiveness and Guidelines
(Summary with Critical Appraisal, August 4, 2017)
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Exercise for the Management of Back Pain: Clinical Effectiveness
(Summary of Abstracts, August 3, 2017)
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Manual Therapy for Recent-Onset or Persistent Non-Specific Lower Back Pain: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness and Guidelines
(Summary with Critical Appraisal, August 2, 2017)
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Gabapentin, Celecoxib, and Acetaminophen for the Prevention of Post-Operative Pain: Clinical Effectiveness
(Summary of Abstracts, July 31, 2017)
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Exercise for the Management of Neck Pain: Clinical Effectiveness
(Summary of Abstracts, July 27, 2017)
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Pre-Operative Naproxen for Gynecological Surgery: Clinical Effectiveness
(Summary of Abstracts, July 24, 2017)
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Manual Therapy for the Treatment of Shoulder Pain: Clinical Effectiveness
(Reference List, July 20, 2017)
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Manual Therapy for the Treatment of Cervicogenic Headaches: Clinical Effectiveness
(Reference List, July 12, 2017)
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Physiotherapy Interventions for the Management of Neck and/or Back Pain: A Review of Clinical and Cost-Effectiveness
(Summary with Critical Appraisal, June 29, 2017)
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Splinting to Reduce Upper Extremity Pain: Clinical and Cost-Effectiveness and Guidelines
(Summary of Abstracts, June 28, 2017)
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Viscosupplementation for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Review of Clinical and Cost-Effectiveness and Guidelines
(Summary with Critical Appraisal, June 22, 2017)
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Multidisciplinary Treatment Programs for Patients with Chronic Non-Malignant Pain: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness, Cost-Effectiveness, and Guidelines
(Summary with Critical Appraisal, June 22, 2017)
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Physiotherapy Interventions for the Management of Fibromyalgia: Clinical and Cost Effectiveness
(Summary of Abstracts, June 12, 2017)
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Low-Dose Naltrexone for Chronic Non-Cancer Pain: Clinical Effectiveness
(Summary of Abstracts, June 7, 2017)
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Magnesium as an Alternative or Adjunct to Opioids for Chronic Pain: A Review of the Clinical Effectiveness and Guidelines
Short on time? Read the In Brief
(Summary with Critical Appraisal, April 20, 2017) -
Topical NSAIDs versus Opioids for Acute Musculoskeletal Pain: A Review of the Clinical Effectiveness
Short on time? Read the In Brief
(Summary with Critical Appraisal, January 30, 2017) -
Pregabalin for Acute Pain: A Review of the Clinical Effectiveness
(Summary with Critical Appraisal, January 24, 2017)
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Ketorolac versus Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs for the Management of Acute Pain: Comparative Clinical Effectiveness
(Summary of Abstracts, January 16, 2017)
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Ibuprofen 600 mg or 800 mg for Acute Pain: Clinical Effectiveness
(Reference List, December 6, 2016)
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Self-Management Interventions for Back Pain: Clinical Effectiveness and Guidelines
(Reference List, December 1, 2016)
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Pharmacological Interventions for Back Pain: Clinical Effectiveness and Guidelines
(Reference List, November 24, 2016)
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Acetaminophen for Pain or Fever: Clinical Effectiveness and Safety
(Reference List, September 9, 2016)
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Harm Reduction Interventions to Prevent Overdose
(Policy Insight, August 5, 2021)
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Drug Deactivation Devices for Disposal of Pain Medications: Clinical Effectiveness, Cost-Effectiveness, and Guidelines
(Summary of Abstracts, December 7, 2020)
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Blue and Black Lighting for Bathrooms in Health Care Facilities: Clinical Effectiveness, Safety, and Guidelines
(Summary of Abstracts, October 26, 2020)
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Telehealth-delivered Supervised Consumption Services: Clinical Effectiveness, Cost-Effectiveness, and Guidelines
(Reference List, August 31, 2020)
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Hypodermoclysis for Opioid Toxicity: Clinical Effectiveness, Cost-Effectiveness, and Guidelines
(Reference List, July 8, 2020)
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Intranasal and Intramuscular Naloxone for Opioid Overdose in the Pre-Hospital Setting: A Review of Comparative Clinical and Cost-Effectiveness, and Guidelines
(Summary with Critical Appraisal, December 19, 2019)
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Administration of Naloxone in a Home or Community Setting: A Review of the Clinical Effectiveness, Cost-effectiveness, and Guidelines
(Summary with Critical Appraisal, December 18, 2019)
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Administration of Naloxone in a Home or Community Setting: A Rapid Qualitative Review
(Summary with Critical Appraisal, December 11, 2019)
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Smaller Quantity Opioid Prescribing for Chronic Non-Cancer Pain: Clinical Effectiveness and Guidelines
(Reference List, June 28, 2019)
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Smaller Quantity Opioid Prescribing for Acute Pain: Clinical Effectiveness and Guidelines
(Reference List, June 14, 2019)
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Policies to Reduce Harms from the Concomitant Use of Opioids and Central Nervous System Depressant Drugs
Short on time? Read the In Brief
(Environmental Scan, July 9, 2018) -
Funding and Management of Naloxone Programs in Canada
(Environmental Scan, March 13, 2018)
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The Diagnosis and Treatment of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome: Clinical Effectiveness and Guidelines
(Summary of Abstracts, April 26, 2017)
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Strategies for the Reduction or Discontinuation of Opioids: Guidelines
(Summary of Abstracts, April 5, 2017)
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Tamper-Resistant Formulations of Opioids
(Report, March 31, 2017)
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Intranasal and Intramuscular Naloxone for Opioid Overdose in the Pre-Hospital Setting: A Review of Comparative Clinical and Cost-Effectiveness, and Guidelines
(Summary with Critical Appraisal, March 16, 2017)
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Unused Medication Disposal Programs: Clinical Utility and Guidelines
(Reference List, April 11, 2016)
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Cannabis for Opioid Use Disorder
(Rapid Review, October 3, 2022)
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Inpatient Treatment Programs for Substance Use Disorders
(Reference List, August 11, 2022)
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Aftercare Services for Substance Use Disorders
(Reference List, August 5, 2022)
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Diacetylmorphine for Adults With Opioid Dependence
(Rapid Review, July 18, 2022)
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Opioid Agonist Therapies for Adults with Opioid Dependence in Correctional Settings
(Reference List, May 25, 2022)
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Clinical Effectiveness of Opioid Substitution Treatment
Short on time? Read the In Brief.
(Rapid Review, January 10, 2022) -
Cost-Effectiveness and Guidelines for Opioid Substitution Treatment
Short on time? Read the In Brief.
(Rapid Review, January 4, 2022) -
Home-Based Withdrawal Management Services for Substance Use Disorder
(Reference List, December 20, 2021)
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Non-Medical Withdrawal Management Services for Substance Use Disorder
(Reference List, November 30, 2021)
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Remote Substance-Monitoring Devices and Mobile Applications for Substance Use Disorders
(Summary of Abstracts, November 15, 2021)
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Pharmacologic Interventions for the Treatment of Opioid-Induced Hyperhidrosis
(Reference List, October 18, 2021)
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Inpatient Addiction Rehabilitation Units for Patients With Addiction Disorders
(Summary of Abstracts, October 4, 2021)
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Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Anxiety Disorders, Mood Disorders, or Substance Use Disorders
(Rapid Review, June 25, 2021)
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Laxatives and Erectile Dysfunction Medications to Treat Side Effects of Opioid Agonist and Methadone Maintenance Therapy
(Rapid Review, June 22, 2021)
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Treatment Programs for Substance Use Disorder
(Summary with Critical Appraisal, June 8, 2021)
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Strategies for the Reduction or Discontinuation of Opioids: A 2021 Update
(Summary of Abstracts, May 11, 2021)
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Substance and Nicotine Cessation Interventions for People with Problematic Substance Use
(Summary of Abstracts, April 13, 2021)
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Concurrent Treatment for Substance Use Disorder and Trauma-Related Comorbidities: 2021 Update
(Reference List, March 31, 2021)
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Injectable Opioid Agonist Treatment for Patients with Opioid Dependence: A Review of Clinical and Cost-Effectiveness
(Summary with Critical Appraisal, June 2, 2020)
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Telehealth and Mobile Services for Substance Use Disorder: Clinical Effectiveness, Cost-Effectiveness and Guidelines
(Summary of Abstracts, February 17, 2020)
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Methadol Liquid, Methadone, and Compounded Methadone in Patients with Opioid-Use Disorder Using Opioid Agonist Therapy: Comparative Clinical Effectiveness and Guidelines – An Update
(Reference List, December 16, 2019)
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Dissolution Techniques for Buprenorphine and Buprenorphine-Naloxone: Clinical Effectiveness and Guidelines
(Reference List, September 24, 2019)
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Programs for the Treatment of Opioid Addiction in Canada
Short on time? Read the In Brief.
(Environmental Scan, September 6, 2019) -
Buprenorphine-Naloxone Tablet Versus Methadone for the Treatment of Patients with Opioid Use Disorder: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness, Cost-Effectiveness, and Guidelines
Short on time? Read the In Brief (Summary with Critical Appraisal, July 2019).
(Summary with Critical Appraisal, July 31, 2019) -
buprenorphine
(Report, July 16, 2019)
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Buprenorphine for Opioid Use Disorders during Pregnancy: A Review of Comparative Clinical Effectiveness, Safety, Cost-Effectiveness, and Guidelines
Short on time? Read the In Brief.
(Summary with Critical Appraisal, May 9, 2019) -
Opioid Agonist Treatments for Opioid Use Disorders: A Rapid Qualitative Review
(Summary with Critical Appraisal, April 30, 2019)
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Buprenorphine for Opioid Use Disorder: A Review of Comparative Clinical Effectiveness, Safety, Cost-Effectiveness, and Guidelines
Short on time? Read the In Brief.
(Summary with Critical Appraisal, April 24, 2019) -
Buprenorphine hydrochloride
(Report, April 18, 2019)
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Residential Treatment for Substance Use Disorder: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness
(Summary with Critical Appraisal, January 4, 2019)
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Telehealth-Delivered Opioid Agonist Therapy for the Treatment of Adults with Opioid Use Disorder: Review of Clinical Effectiveness, Cost-Effectiveness, and Guidelines
(Summary with Critical Appraisal, October 5, 2018)
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Programs for the Reduction or Discontinuation of Opioids or Opioid Substitution Therapy: A Review of the Clinical Effectiveness
(Summary with Critical Appraisal, September 7, 2018)
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e-Therapy Interventions for the Treatments of Substance Use Disorders and Other Addictions: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness
(Summary with Critical Appraisal, June 27, 2018)
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Metadol Liquid, Methadose, and Compounded Methadone in Patients Using Opioid Agonist Therapy: Comparative Clinical Effectiveness and Guidelines
(Summary of Abstracts, April 12, 2018)
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Buprenorphine Formulations for the Treatment of Opioid Use Disorders: Comparative Clinical Effectiveness, Cost-Effectiveness, and Guidelines
(Reference List, April 2, 2018)
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Alpha2-Adrenergic Agonists for the Reduction or Discontinuation of Opioids or Opioid Substitution Therapy: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness and Guidelines
(Summary with Critical Appraisal, February 23, 2018)
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Antidepressants for Adults with Depression using Opioid Medications: Clinical Effectiveness and Guidelines
(Summary of Abstracts, February 16, 2018)
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Concurrent Treatment for Substance Use Disorder and Trauma-Related Comorbidities: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness and Guidelines
(Summary with Critical Appraisal, August 16, 2017)
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Injectable Extended-Release Naltrexone to Treat Opioid Use Disorder
(Report, August 10, 2017)
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Occupational Therapy Interventions to Prevent Opioid Relapse: Clinical and Cost-Effectiveness and Guidelines
(Summary of Abstracts, July 10, 2017)
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Naltrexone for Opioid Use Disorders: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness, Cost-Effectiveness, and Guidelines
Short on time? Read the In Brief
(Summary with Critical Appraisal, July 4, 2017) -
Drug Testing for Patients with Substance Use Disorder: Clinical Effectiveness and Guidelines
(Summary of Abstracts, June 28, 2017)
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The Use of Transdermal Buprenorphine Patches in Aiding in Opioid Withdrawal: Clinical Effectiveness and Guidelines
(Reference List, June 8, 2017)
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The Diagnosis and Treatment of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome: Clinical Effectiveness and Guidelines
(Summary of Abstracts, April 26, 2017)
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Sustained Release Oral Morphine, Injectable Hydromorphone, and Prescription Diacetylmorphine for Opioid Use Disorder: Clinical and Cost-Effectiveness, and Guidelines
(Summary of Abstracts, April 13, 2017)
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Medical Cannabis in Residential Transition or Addiction Programs: A Review of Clinical and Cost-Effectiveness and Guidelines
(Summary with Critical Appraisal, April 5, 2017)
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Buprenorphine Implant for the Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder
(Report, March 21, 2017)
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Management of Patients Co-prescribed Benzodiazepines and Opioids
(Summary of Abstracts, May 17, 2021)
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Multidisciplinary Treatment Programs for Patients with Chronic Non-Malignant Pain: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness, Cost-effectiveness, and Guidelines – An Update
Short on time? Read the In Brief.
(Summary with Critical Appraisal, May 10, 2019) -
Tramadol for the Management of Pain in Adult Patients: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness — An Update
(Summary with Critical Appraisal, November 16, 2018)
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Gabapentin for Adults with Neuropathic Pain: A Review of the Clinical Effectiveness
(Summary with Critical Appraisal, March 12, 2018)
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Buprenorphine for Chronic Pain: A Review of the Clinical Effectiveness
(Summary with Critical Appraisal, January 6, 2017)
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Models of Care for Chronic Non-Cancer Pain: A Summary of the Research on Stepped Care and Hub-and-Spoke Models
(Tools, October 14, 2022)
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Research Gaps: Opioids for the Treatment of Pain
(Tools, September 3, 2018)
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Stepped Care Models for Chronic Pain
(Technology Review, May 30, 2022)
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Hub-and-Spoke Models of Care for Chronic Pain
(Technology Review, May 2, 2022)
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Medications Containing Low-dose Codeine for the Treatment of Pain and Coughs
(Rapid Review, August 20, 2021)
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Transitional Pain Services for Patients Undergoing Surgery
(Summary of Abstracts, June 3, 2021)
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Post Discharge Outcomes Following Intravenous Acetaminophen Treatment in Acute Care Settings
(Summary of Abstracts, April 27, 2021)
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Codeine for Pain Related to Caesarean Section: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness
(Summary with Critical Appraisal, March 3, 2021)
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Codeine for Acute Dental Pain and Acute Pain Related to Dental Procedures
(Summary with Critical Appraisal, March 3, 2021)
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Tailored Opioid Prescribing After Gynecologic Surgery: Clinical Effectiveness and Guidelines
(Reference List, January 27, 2021)
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Pain Management in the Emergency Department and Upon Discharge
(Summary of Abstracts, January 11, 2021)
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Codeine for Pain Related to Osteoarthritis of the Knee and Hip: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness
(Summary with Critical Appraisal, December 14, 2020)
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Target-Controlled Infusion with Propofol and Remifentanil for Moderate Procedural Sedation in Medicine and Dentistry: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness, Cost-Effectiveness, and Guidelines
(Summary with Critical Appraisal, November 16, 2020)
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Intravenous Fentanyl Patient Controlled Analgesia for Patients in Labour: A Qualitative Reference List
(Reference List, November 2, 2020)
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Intravenous Fentanyl Patient Controlled Analgesia for Patients in Labour: Clinical Effectiveness and Guidelines
(Reference List, September 28, 2020)
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Capsaicin for Acute or Chronic Non-Cancer Pain: A Review of Guidelines
(Summary with Critical Appraisal, June 29, 2020)
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Pharmacological Interventions for Chronic Pain in Pediatric Patients: A Review of Guidelines
(Summary with Critical Appraisal, May 5, 2020)
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Codeine for Acute Pain for Urological or General Surgery Patients: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness
(Summary with Critical Appraisal, December 2, 2019)
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Codeine for Pediatric Patients with Acute Pain: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness
(Summary with Critical Appraisal, November 15, 2019)
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Codeine for Acute Pain in Patients Undergoing Orthopedic Surgery: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness
(Summary with Critical Appraisal, October 29, 2019)
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Injectable Botulinum Toxin for Pelvic Pain: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness, Cost-Effectiveness, and Guidelines
(Summary with Critical Appraisal, August 22, 2019)
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Medical Cannabis for the Treatment of Chronic Pain: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness and Guidelines
(Summary with Critical Appraisal, July 24, 2019)
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Tapentadol Hydrochloride
(Report, December 21, 2018)
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Timing of Fentanyl Patch Re-Application: Clinical Effectiveness and Guidelines
(Summary of Abstracts, May 31, 2018)
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Navigating Opioids for Chronic Pain
A visualization of the impact of high dose-prescribing developed by the Institute for Safe Medication Practices Canada, the University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine, and Physicians for Responsible Opioid Prescribing, and endorsed by CADTH and the Canadian Patient Safety Institute.
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2017 Canadian Guideline for Opioids for Chronic Pain
Guidelines from the Michael G. DeGroote National Pain Centre at McMaster University and funded by Health Canada and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research
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In Brief: Clinical Effectiveness of Opioid Substitution Treatment
(RC1405-000 - RB1604-000, January 21, 2022)
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In Brief: Cost-Effectiveness and Guidelines for Opioid Substitution Treatment
(RC1401-000, January 10, 2022)
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Assessing and Managing Chronic Non-Cancer Pain
(Tools, November 30, 2021)
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Codeine for Pain: A Synopsis of the Evidence
A summary of the evidence (based on a number of CADTH reviews) on codeine for pain.
(Tools, July 29, 2021) -
Acute Pain Management: Non-Pharmacological Interventions
Over the last few years, CADTH has been asked to review, the clinical effectiveness evidence and the recommendations from evidence-based guidelines for treating various acute pain conditions with non-pharmacological interventions. Here, you’ll find the evidence highlights related to those evidence reviews.
(Tools, September 17, 2020) -
Non-Drug Ways to Manage Chronic Pain
Resources for people living with chronic pain and resources for clinicians.
(Tools, September 8, 2020) -
Physical Activity for Chronic Pain: A Synopsis of the Evidence
(Tools, July 28, 2020)
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Research Gaps: Treating Opioid Use Disorder
(Tools, November 14, 2019)
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In Brief: Programs for the Treatment of Opioid Addiction
(Tools, October 29, 2019)
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In Brief: Buprenorphine for Opioid Use Disorder
(RC1092-000, September 25, 2019)
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In Brief: Buprenorphine for Opioid Use Disorders During Pregnancy: A Review
(RC1111-000, September 24, 2019)
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Publicly Funded and Managed Naloxone Programs in Canada
This two-page, quick-reference map provides information on publicly funded take-home naloxone programs for the provinces, territories, and federal drug plans. This tool also outlines what naloxone is, who is at risk of an opioid overdose, and what can be found in a take-home naloxone kit.
(Tools, April 23, 2019) -
Opioid Prescribing and Pain Management: Prescription Monitoring Program Overview and the Management of Acute Low Back Pain
CADTH partnered with the New Brunswick Department of Health, New Brunswick Medical Society, and Choosing Wisely New Brunswick to create this module on opioid prescribing. The module provides an overview of the New Brunswick Prescription Monitoring Program and addresses the management of acute low back pain.
(Tools, March 6, 2019) -
Opioids Wisely - Choosing Wisely Canada
Choosing Wisely Canada
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Opioids for pain after surgery: Your questions answered
Tool from ISMP Canada, February 2018
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If not opioids, then what?
Hospital News Article
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Opioids - Canadian Centre on Substance Use and Addiction
2023 Canadian Centre on Substance Use and Addiction